Why Cannabis Businesses Struggle With Banking and Payments

Why Cannabis Businesses Struggle With Banking and Payments

Cannabis businesses face federal banking restrictions due to Schedule I status. This impacts credit card access, merchant fees, ACH transfers, cashless ATM models, and tax burdens under IRS 280E.

The Core Problem

Cannabis remains a Schedule I substance under federal law.

Because of that classification:

  • National banks operate under federal risk rules
  • Visa and Mastercard restrict cannabis transactions
  • Merchant accounts are labeled high-risk
  • IRS 280E inflates taxable income
  • Payment processors operate under layered sponsor structures

State legalization does not override federal banking law.

What This Means for Dispensaries

Even if fully licensed in New York:

  • Traditional credit cards do not function normally
  • Processing fees are significantly higher
  • Accounts may be shut down without warning
  • Cash reserves must be larger
  • Financial statements appear distorted

Banking instability is structural — not accidental.

How the System Breaks Down

The banking issue stems from:

  1. Schedule I classification
  2. IRS 280E tax rules
  3. High-risk merchant coding
  4. Sponsor bank compliance requirements
  5. Chargeback risk exposure

Each child page below breaks one part down.

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